9 web app development frameworks that continue to dominate 2020

App development frameworks are at the front and center of the development community. Backend and frontend frameworks are continuously taking inspiration from each other to ensure smooth development and deployment of web and mobile apps. In such scenarios, factors like learning curve, community support, programming language, and flexibility become the deciding factors. In this blog you will find USP’s of the most popular backend and front end frameworks which can help you narrow down the one that works best for your product.

Backend frameworks

Ruby on Rails

Screenshot of Ruby On Rails  Github page
A popular server side framework, Ruby on Rails (RoR) works on the MVC model to facilitate interconnection of parts. It uses HTML, CSS and JavaScript for user interfacing and for data transfer JSON and XML. You can use Convention over Configuration and DRY features which will speed up your overall coding process. RoR also makes testing easy via test automation thus accelerating the debugging process.
  • Release year- 2005
  • Programming language- Ruby
  • Use cases- AirBnB, Shopify, Github, Basecamp

Django

Screenshot of Django Github page
Django is a full stack Python development framework which uses the MVT (Model-View-Template) structure, a modification of MVC model. This framework comes with user authentication, ORM, testing, caching and many other mechanisms thus making the development process swift and efficient. The documentation is excellent and this was in fact one of it’s differentiating factors in the open source community. Till date, more than 12,000 projects are known to be built using this framework.
  • Release year- 2005
  • Programming language- Python
  • Use cases- Instagram, NASA, Pinterest, Quora

Laravel

Screenshot of Laravel Github page
Laravel comes with 20+ pre installed Object-Oriented and Modular libraries which helps in building responsive web applications. The Artisan built in command line tool automates all the major repetitive programming like database structure creation, skeleton code, etc. Advance security systems like Bcrypt hashing algorithm, salted and hashed passwords are used for storing all your user’s passwords in encrypted forms. And it also facilitates writing and running multiple unit tests.
  • Release year- 2011
  • Programming language- PHP
  • Use cases- Barchart, Alison, Mailcoach

ASP.NET Core

Screenshot of ASP.net Core Github page
Developed and designed by Microsoft, ASP.NET Core is known for its ability to build rich and dynamic cross platform apps. Core applications made using ASP.NET do not require IIS hosting, they can now be self hosted. HTTP’s size request has come down to 2kb in core from ASP.NET’s 30kb, thus improving performance. The compilation is easy as it is executed within the memory which starts functioning as the browser is refreshed.
  • Release year- 2016
  • Programming language- .NET
  • Use cases- Kentico, elmah.io, SwitchThink

CakePHP

CakePHP comes with zero preconfiguration, making it a hassle free process for developers. It auto detects the settings and all you have to do is configure your database, rest will be taken care by the framework. This framework offers a range of core tests and custom made tests, fulfilling the requirements of all the developers on board. Built in tools like CSRF protection, SQL injection prevention, XSS prevention give a good security layer for your web app.
  • Release year- 2005
  • Programming language- PHP
  • Use cases- teamspeak, blendtec, BMW

CodeIgniter

To begin with, the entire source code of CodeIgniter is around 2MB only. This small footprint makes it easy to manage and update the framework. The error logging done in this framework helps in building a webapp with minimum errors. CodeIgniter helps in developing SEO friendly URLs by generating clean URLs. And security features like Input Data handling, XSS filtering, password handling give it an edge over other frameworks.
  • Release year- 2006
  • Programming language- PHP
  • Use cases- Buffer, Nissan, Casio Computer

Frontend frameworks

React

React is developed by facebook and is often referred to as a javascript library instead of a full fledged framework. But that did not hold it back from gaining popularity in the front-end community. Its features like component based architecture, JSX syntax for DOM manipulation and fast rendering views make it a popular choice among front end developers.
  • Release year- 2013
  • Programming language- JavaScript
  • Use cases- AirBnB, Uber, Medium

Angular

Angular was created by Google for making single page web apps and mobile apps. Within the MVC architecture two way data binding helps in automatic synchronization between model and view. Tree shakeable feature help in removing unused code, reducing your app’s size. There is limited data that is sent to and fro after the initial page is loaded, thus enhancing the overall user experience.
  • Release year- 2010
  • Programming language- JavaScript
  • Use cases- Forbes, Samsung Forward, Delta

Vue JS

Vue is a framework that was built taking inspiration from React and Angular, thus its learning curve is shorter. Vue is a progressive framework i.e. you can use Vue for any part of your already developed product and there will be no glitches. It’s simple and straightforward architecture makes error finding and solving much easier.
  • Release year- 2014
  • Programming language- JavaScript
  • Use cases- Louis Vuitton, Upwork, Wavetrotter
For every framework you deem fit for your product, you will come across some critics. And since no framework is perfect, you will need to stick to your selected framework and find ways to make it work for you. The more time you spend with one framework, it will help you in learning the others quickly.

Efficiently tackling complexities with Docker and Kubernetes

It all started with taking on the monolith code by microservices, and shaping the final product into a lego-like software.

Services like shopping carts or the payment option began to be written as separate pieces of software. Technologies like orchestration (K8s) and containerization (Docker) are helping companies in outstripping profitable parameters from making easy-to-deploy applications to handling the huge rush on a big sale day.

K8s and similar technologies like Docker Swarm, are technically known as container orchestration platforms designed to support large and distributed systems, and the sales pitch is:

Run billions of containers a week, Kubernetes can scale without increasing your operation team. Well, even if you have 10-100 containers, just imagining we are not all Google size…still it’s for you.

If you are at the beginning of the journey or just considering adopting K8s and Docker containers for your cloud infrastructure, this post will hopefully help you evaluate some of the major advantages offered by these technologies.

Squeezing every ounce by avoiding vendor lock-in

Migrating to the cloud can bring a lot of benefits to your company, such as increased cost savings, flexibility, and agility. But if something goes wrong with your CSP (Cloud Service Provider) after your migration, moving to another cloud vendor can incur substantial costs. No portability support and the steep learning curve are a couple of the reasons why it becomes harder to switch vendors.

Kubernetes and Docker containers make it much easier to run any app on any public cloud service or any combination of public and private clouds.

Container technology helps isolate software from its environment and abstract dependencies away from the cloud provider. And it should be easy to transfer your application to a new cloud vendor if necessary, since most CSPs support standard container formats. Thus easing the transition from one CSP to another making the whole process more cost-effective.

Rolling back the deployment cycles

There is an increasing demand to decrease the delivery time and be able to ship more number of features at a time. Manual testing and complex deployment processes can cause post release issues which worked in testing, but failed in production, resulting in delays in getting your code to production.

K8s and Docker containers help you shrink the release cycles through declarative templates and rolling updates.

It is the default strategy to update the running version of your app. You can deploy such updates as many times as you want and your user won’t be able to notice the difference. Moreover, with its production readiness, you can ensure zero-downtime deployment when you wish not to interrupt your live traffic.

Adapting the infrastructure to new load conditions

When the workload to perform a particular business function suddenly increases, the entirety of a monolithic application has to be scaled to balance the workload. This results in consumption of computing resources. And in the world of cloud, redundant usage of resources costs money.

Especially, in the case when you have a 24/7 production service with a load that is variable in time, where it is very busy during the day in the US, and relatively low at night.

Docker containers and Kubernetes allow scaling up and down the physical infrastructure in minutes through auto-scaling tools.

Scaling is typically done in two ways with Kubernetes:

Horizontal scaling:

When you add more instances to the environment with the same hardware specs. For example, a web application can have two instances at normal times and four at busy ones.

Vertical scaling:

When you increase your resources. For example, faster disks, more memory, more CPU cores, etc.

Kubernetes and Docker container technologies are now seen as the de facto ecosystem. It can lead to great productivity gains if properly implemented into your engineering workflows, and adopted at the right time.

You can make the move especially when…

  • Your team is facing trouble managing your platform because it is spread across different cloud services.
  • Your company has already moved its platform to the cloud and has experience with containerisation, but is now beginning to have difficulties with scale or stability.
  • You have a team that already has significant experience working with containers and cloud services.

But what about tons of configurations and setup that is required to maintain and deploy an application, you will ask.

Well to be honest, the amount of benefits it offers deserves a little bit of complexity.

Why Design QA should be a non-negotiable part of your process?

Did you ever happen to spot some inconsistencies in your product’s design that were not there in your prototype? The color being a bit different, some changes in the font style or micro interactions not working the way they are supposed to.

You think that some of these errors could have been avoided if a designer was shown the coded version before the app release. And you are not alone in thinking like this. There is a solution to combat this problem.

The answer is… Design QA.

So what exactly is Design QA and how does its implementation resulted in streamlining our product cycle. Here are some tips and tricks for you that we learned along our journey.

Defining Design QA:

Design QA is a cross verification process done by designers. It entails checking for any inconsistencies in your copy, visual aspects, micro interactions, and the likes of the code developed before the release of your product.

Why is it neglected from design sprints?

In many organizations, design sprints are very elaborate, taking a full week or longer. And this is prior to the developer hand off. Once this is done, designers move on to other projects with no further updates on the previous product. Bringing designers back for the review is not considered by many. And some other common reasons we hear for neglecting design QA are:

  • A misconception in the design world is that a designer’s work is done after forwarding Zeplin links and Invision prototypes. But that is seldom the case.
  • Design QA discussion can cause friction between designers and developers, making it an uncomfortable conversation to have at times.
  • Design QA is seen as an add on step in an already elaborate design sprint. When teams are working under time constraints, collaborating with designers for more reviews is not ranked high on the priority list.

Why did we implement it in our process?

The reasons for design QA to be a part of our process is nothing different from what the experts vouching for it say. We pitched it to our clients explaining its importance and what benefits will they get after its successful implementation. Some major factors that drove us to inculcate it within our process were:

It’s a pretty underrated time saving hack

Design QA will be good for your long term goals. Getting a few extra hours of your designers is better than a few extra days of your developers to search, spot, and iterate for design inconsistencies after the app release.

Better collaboration between your designers and developers

When designers and developers are in the same room (or call) it will help in solving the issues at hand quickly. Your designers will be aware of the technical issues that developers are facing and will account for such issues in the future.

Developers will also get insights into how designers have envisioned the final product and code to bring out the same in the product.

No surprise design inconsistencies

A designer’s work does not end after a simple functionality test of buttons and interactions. Instead, they evaluate the design elements behavior right from the speed of the interaction to the feedback of an action being performed, will there be a slide-out option or slide in, you get the picture.

Minimum design debt

Design debt is accrued over time when small changes and improvements are kept for the next sprints every time they are brought up. As this pile keeps on growing, it results in a bad user experience. And there will be a point where no amount of small tweaks will make it better and you end up rewriting your whole product.

Integrating Design QA in our existing process ensured that we never went back to square one because of design debt.

You’re convinced that it belongs in your process, now how do you implement it?

We know that it is easier to say rather than execute any changes in your workflow. But how to transition from ‘thinking’ to ‘doing’? Here are some tips that have helped us in including design QA within our workflow.

  • Start out together

The first and most vital thing that we have learned is to involve stakeholders from various product stages in the initial meetings. This helps in seeing the feasibility of the product’s features and setting the right expectations for everyone onboard.

  • Sort issues on the basis of priority

You will face numerous issues when testing the final product from the design point. But not all these issues have to be solved right away, some can wait till the next sprint cycle or are the icing on the cake type features.

When discussing with your developers, define priorities to get the critical issues addressed before ones that are only for aesthetic value addition, this way you are making your developers life a tad bit easier.

  • Have a checklist ready

We all know how good our memory is when we need it the most. Having a reference checklist when design QA is carried out will ensure that we don’t miss out on essential checks. Look for text alignment, colors, content placement and spacing.

You also need to check for the accessibility of the design. Here again, a checklist sorted on priority basis makes it easier for everyone involved.

  • Start the review the moment you get your hands on functional prototypes

We believe that there is no fixed timeline that needs to be followed when it comes to review cycles. Infact, the earlier the review cycle starts, the better. Waiting till the last moment can lead to unexpected delays in the launch of your product.

Getting a designer review on the product’s features will keep the development going in the right direction.

  • Give reasoning behind your feedback

Just saying that “this does not look/feel right” defeats the purpose of reviews. You should back your reviews with proper reasoning and even document them for references. This will not only help your developers but your designers as well to evaluate what they like the best and why.

Design QA has helped us ship perfect products reflecting the original design intents. This has worked wonders for us, especially when collaborating remotely. To get your stakeholders onboard, you can utilize the same reasoning that aided us in actively streamlining our workflow.

Reinforcing leading training platform for heavy user load

For over 35 years, NHLS has been a robust source for enterprise technology and software training solutions offering industry-leading learning content. They provide computer courses and certifications to more than 30 million students through in-person and online learning experiences.

Understanding the challenges

NHLS turned to Galaxy to check the load the platform can withstand under certain user scenarios over different web pages, and wanted the system to be able to entertain 10,000 concurrent users. They expressed concerns over the performance of their learning platform seen during user interaction.

They wanted us to go for performance testing to pull off higher volume load tests, and implement required measures to optimize website load times and ensure zero-downtime during the busiest days.

Test planning and implementation

We developed an in-depth understanding of the client’s system architecture and the platform. We used Jmeter to simulate heavy loads on virtual servers, networks to check strength, test the ability to handle heavy loads and determine system performance for a variety of loads.

We started with 1000 users. Reports of regression and stress tests made it pretty clear that the webapp is not optimized, since even after the FMP (first meaningful paint), the load times were far from what we expected. Servers were running out of capacity even on a few requests, which was not ideal for the server architecture NHLS already had.

Their application concurrency target was 10,000 users which was initially crashing at 100 users. In order to identify the point of bottlenecks due to which application started degrading performance, we defined few performance test objectives:

  • Response Time: To check the amount of time between a specific request and a corresponding response. User search should not take more than 2 seconds.
  • Throughput: To check how much bandwidth gets used during performance testing. Application servers should have the capacity of entertaining maximum requests per second.
  • Resource Utilization: All the resources like processor and memory utilization, network Input output, etc. should be at less than 70% of their maximum capacity.
  • Maximum User Load: System should be able to handle 10,000 concurrent user load without breaking database by fulfilling all of the above defined objectives.

Bottlenecks we encountered and the Solutions we provided

We used Jmeter to start testing with 100 users and then ramped up progressively with heavier loads. We performed real-time analysis and conducted more thorough analysis using a variety of tests like load test, smoke test, spike test and soak test.

In order to get to grips first with inaccurate page load and slow page speed, we decided to test per page load. We onboarded with our team of developers and network/server engineers to look into the bottlenecks and solve the issues to get expected results.

Bottleneck #1: Obsolete code

Adding new features to old coding architecture accumulated unnecessary JS and CSS files, code controllers and models on every page. This was acquiring cumbersome and resource-heavy elements or code throughout the website, and exacerbating the page load.

Solution:

We minified static assets (JavaScript, CSS, and images) i.e. optimized scripts and removed unnecessary characters, comments and white spaces from the code to shrink file sizes. To further improve the page speed, the server team performed static code caching that reduced the bandwidth usage from the website.

This resulted in a significant size reduction in requested assets and improved the page speed taking only 2 seconds to load the home page.

Bottleneck #2: Memory

A single query was processing more data than needed, mainly accessing too many rows and columns, from so many parts of the database. This in case of large tables means that a large number of rows were being read from disk and handled in memory causing more I/O workload.

Solution:

We used RDS Performance Insights to quickly assess the load on the database, and determine when and where to take action, and filter the load by waits, SQL statements, hosts, or users.

We performed indexing, removed redundant indexes and unnecessary data from the tables to quickly locate data without having to scan/search every row in a database table every time a database table is accessed. Server team used Innodb storage engine for MySql to organize the data on disk to optimize common queries based on primary keys to minimize I/O time (minimizing the number of reads required to retrieve the desired data).

Bottleneck #3: CPU

Use of nested loops to process large data sets made it difficult to trace the flow of the code, hitting so many requests (1-10k requests) on the database by a single user. This caused the code to execute multiple times in the same execution context hitting the CPU limit and driving up its usage.

Solution:

We performed query performance optimization to remove unnecessary code in loop (by making sub queries of queries) and removed multiple loops thus reducing time of rendering content from looped code that resulted in sending only 100 requests by a single user now. This reduced page size, response time, and marked down CPU resources and memory from 8GB to 4GB on the application server.

Ridding the code off of redundancies and optimizing the database helped us get to the 5000 user traffic mark. This lessened the extra work of the MySQL server, reducing server cost to 10-20%.

We launched a single server on AWS and configured all the required packages such as Apache, PHP and PHP-fpm, load balancer, and others to run our application.

Bottleneck #4: Network Utilization

The former HTTP/1 protocol was using more than 1 TCP connections to send and receive for every single request/response pair. It utilized many resources on the web page making different requests for each file. As the overload continued, the server began to process more and more concurrent requests, which further increased the latency.

Solution:

We used HTTP2 to reduce latency in processing browser requests via single TCP connection. Enabling Keep-Alive avoided the need to repeatedly open and close a new connection. It helped reduce server latency by minimizing the number of round trips from sender to receiver. And with parallelized transfers, letting more requests complete more quickly thus improving the load time.

  • To identify the slow log queries, and requests taking long execution time in the code, we established a proxy connection between Apache web server and PHP-FPM (communicating through modules earlier) to identify the bottlenecks of individual entities by letting them functioning individually. Then we configured PHP-FPM to identify RAM capacity by calculating how many max. parallel connections RAM can handle, leaving the system memory free to process at the same time.
  • We found inadequate server capacity, while inserting the data in the login and without login scenario to create real-life testing environment.

We proposed a distributed server system so that more than 1 server can be auto generated. We added auto scaling and added 4 servers, but was still burning at the load of 8k users and saw an increased server cost. With Round Robin load balancing, we distributed incoming network traffic or client requests across the group of backend servers. This helped us identify that the load is increasing due to inaccurate working processes of sessions stored in the database.

Bottleneck #5: Session queues

The server was getting overloaded due to accumulating too many sessions when performing load of 10k users login concurrently. And because the sessions were stored in a database, increase in the wait activities decreased the transaction throughput taking session time upto 100s, thus increasing the load on the system.

Solution:

We switched storing sessions from database to Memcache server. It stored sessions and queries in memory/cache instead of files, thus reducing the number of times that the database or API needs to be read while performing operations. It cached the data in the RAM of the different nodes in the cluster, reducing the load in the web server.

Making such scalable and cost-efficient server infrastructure helped the client application achieve the load of 10k users in less than 5 mins using only 2 servers capacity.

The testing process was able to ensure a smooth customer experience and save significant capital expense by maximizing server capacity already in place.

Redesigning lessons from Super Bowl

About 100 million people tune into Super Bowl every year. The game is big because the money is big. Companies spend an average of $5 million for a 30 second screen time between plays. Apart from that the Super Bowl generates $300 million in commercial revenues. With all this money and eyes included, Super Bowl’s 2000s online persona would have been a bad fit for today. Around that time the TV spots were doing great; they were emotional and hitting the right spots, online space on the other hand was the exact opposite. A texty mess. This blog takes a dive in the website redesign of Super Bowl and helps you draw conclusion in case you’re also asking yourself ‘If I should redesign?’. Practically speaking, we didn’t have the modular frameworks back then and there was so little to work with. HTML, PHP, CSS, and maybe Flash. In hindsight lack of choices seems better. Then why even bother doing this unfair comparison, you ask? Because with this comparison we’ll help you answer a decade old and the most crucial questions of all: Whether you should redesign or not? Let’s answer this big question with a couple of smaller ones-
  • What is the end goal with your website?
  • What are the problem areas?
  • What will redesign cost?
This is a capture of the old Super Bowl website before the redesign. It shows a 3 column layout filled with all sorts of content with no visual hierarchy and respect to white spaces in sight.
Screenshot of superbowl.com 2009
The Homepage looks like a headache made out of HTML. For a dedicated page this homepage sure seemed like a missed opportunity to draw attention towards the primary goal of NFL; getting more people to see the game night. Which brings us to the goal of redesign.

Goal of the redesign

Your reasons for redesign can be purely aesthetic like getting bored of your existing design to something strictly business related; existing design being not good enough for conversions. Rebranding also could be one of the reasons to redesign, when you’re trying to launch a new product or service. Like Super Bowl rebranding their colorful and lively logos for an easy consistent brand image in the form of a new logo post 2010. Once you’re clear about your goal you can start working on the website or tell the people, who are doing it for you, exactly ‘what you want’. For the Super Bowl homepage the goal would be to get more people to watch the game, while providing other information like venue and time, all at a glance. Something that doesn’t make the visitor work for little but crucial information.

A picture is worth a thou……

Screenshot of Super bowl website
The new design uses the same principal. Just a few days before the game, the homepage features a simple hero image with the game venue cleverly placed in the backdrop. The new website leverages contrast to make the important information stand out. Like who’s competing, when, and where? There is also a CTA, that clearly mentions what to do next. Being the only action visible before the scroll makes it easier for the readers to complete their journey to the goal.

What are the problem areas?

Like any other website suffering with bad UX, the design team responsible for Super Bowl’s also had to answer questions such as this. When you’re sure about giving a makeover to your website. Usability reports and insights will help you reaffirm the reasons for your redesign. Having the data-backed reasons to do so won’t hurt. Ask your agency or hire specialists to evaluate your website, think heuristics, visual QA, and accessibility tests. Knowing exactly what’s wrong helps you gauge the magnitude of the solution, since redesign is not a days job. So now you’ve figured out the goal of your redesign and the problem areas that you need to work upon. Now all you need is a plan.

How will the redesign work?

Redesign for an enterprise is like clockwork, where all the cogs need to be engineered to fit without fault. Ask these questions to ensure smooth operation of your clockwork:

Is the development in house or outsourced?

It’s not necessary to keep the redesigning in-house if you have a team of your own, since outsourced dedicated teams can produce equivalent or better work more efficiently. When an outsourcing team handles the grunt work, your design team can dedicate their important time for planning how the redesign will go about. If you lack resources, you can completely outsource the design otherwise you can opt for design assistance.

Who leads the overall project and vision?

Inclusion is great for collaboration but it can distract the team from the goal. It is important for your redesign that there is a nay-sayer that keeps the team on track and keeps the project and vision from becoming something else, a hybrid of everyone’s opinion. Just as a Quarterback in football.

How will progress and success be measured?

If there were no yard markings then the football players won’t know if they get another 4-downs or how far they have come on the field. Clearly defined milestones of progress and success will do the same for the team working on your redesign. It prevents constant to and fro later in the process that only results in delays and inconsistent outcomes.

What are your timelines?

Football games typically last for 60 minutes, divided in four quarters of 15 minutes. It helps decide the pace and play of the game. For somewhat same reasons timelines are important for your milestones too. After defining the milestones you’d also need to plan when you’re expecting them. Getting chunks of predefined deliverables in time helps set momentum for project completion.

How much will a redesign cost?

If you manage to find the right agency and all the cogs slide right into place, then you won’t have to worry about the overheads. A medium to large website redesign can cost around $10000 to $50000 depending on the customization and functionalities you require. Before throwing that kind of money on a redesign project you must ensure that you’re getting a handsome ROI out of the whole exercise. If you’re thinking that ‘Just doing it’ would fix all your issues then it’s nothing more than a shot in the dark.

Takeaways

  • Keep Navbar sticky and visible at all times
  • Avoid multiple CTAs on a single screen
  • Give content some room to breathe
  • Make your copy clear and concise
  • Prioritize content according to your goals
When it’s the right decision, redesigning your website can have a positive impact on your business. But, if it isn’t the right decision, a site redesign can be a huge waste of time and resource. If not redesign then what? Custom landing pages, targeted ads, and localization are a great place to start.

Personalization | Key to E-commerce success

With most shopping happening online, the consumer purchasing behaviour has seen a paradigm shift. Earlier the options were limited and buying decisions were quick but now consumers have to sift through a ton of choices to get to what they’re looking for. Just like people trying to hear through a cloud of noise.

For instance, try calling people by their names in large and crowded places. No matter how loud the party gets, the right person or people will turn back. Years of evolution have helped us develop selective hearing. The internet is the same crowded place where everyone is trying to get your attention.

But somehow out of all the products and promotional campaigns, some cut through the noise and make you feel like they were made for you. It’s because they gave a personal touch to their campaigns or their websites.

Accenture, an MNC, found in a research that personalization is key to the success of an e-commerce store.

The results revealed some information that was against what is commonly believed in regards to consumers and their data.

56% of consumers get carried away with the store’s personalization when the store recognizes them with a name.

65% of them prefer retailers that know their buying history. Only if the data is used to provide tailored recommendations.

58% of them buy products from the recommended section provided by the e-commerce store.

In exchange for these, 86% of consumers are willing to share data for getting a personalized experience.

In a world of information overload, personalization is a godsent feature. Here are some personalization strategies which you can adopt for your eCommerce store.

1. Personalize your Homepage

In real world, the homepage of your website would be the entrance to your brick and mortar store. When a potential customer comes at the doorstep of your shop, you must provide the ultimate user experience by greeting them in the best possible way.

Homepage personalization is one of the important keys to do that.

Unlike real stores, online stores can leverage data to know the preferences of a customer on their first visit. From here on Cookies store relevant information to help you tailor the user experience for their next visits.

Amazon homepage screenshot

Amazon, targets every single individual via personalization. Whenever a user selects a particular category to browse more, they get redirected to the same page in the next visits.

2. Location-based personalization

It’s easy to customize products based on location as it improves the shopping experience. It even helps to display campaigns based on the user’s location.

Most e-commerce sites know where the user is coming from and where they want their products to get shipped. They use this valuable information to get more accurate results.

Here is an example of a Butterfly twist that lets its users get the look and feel as if they are shopping at some native place.

screenshot of an eCommerce website

Butterfly twists pull the IP address of the users and personalise product page according to the location. For example if your user is from America, it will set the default page to American sizes and currency.

There is a limitation to this practice. Companies must not force customers to view products on a country-specific site. As a user, it gets really annoying when the website keeps redirecting when you’ve specifically chosen to explore a different location than your own.

Websites need to understand that people are not always buying for themselves and they can choose to explore some other regions, otherwise what’s the point of the Internet.

3. Integrate User-Generated content

User-generated content is another dimension for increasing sales on an e-commerce store.It gives customers a chance to review the details of the product before making final payment.

User review screenshot of an ecommerce website

Yotpo’s benchmark study found that on an average conversion rate of the customers who saw UGC is 166% times higher than those who don’t.

Campus protein uses the UGC on the website so that users can add ratings to the entire product catalog. It even displays the carousel of Instagram inspired UGC at the bottom of the site to reveal the user’s likes and dislikes for the products.

4. Create an array of recently viewed items

Generally, most of the users browse through a company’s site to see the products that are in trend.

Although users trust their memory, they still fail to recall all the products they saw the day before. This is why they look for some sort of help from the store.

Adidas website screenshot of recently viewed items

Adidas wins an impressive score in recommending products and creating awareness. It uses attribute based and collaborative filtering to convert customers and help them select the right running shoe.

5. Reaffirm user choices with Social Proof notifications

It’s a new way to personalize your e-commerce store. It helps you send real time notifications and other relevant updates to your customers.

Many organizations are using this technology to provide relevant and contextual information about the product and the company.

Picture of a McD store from outside

McDonald’s have been using a similar strategy to boost conversions for years. It updates its website’s marquee to show how many people they have served till date. This strategy attracts potential customers towards the quality brand trusted by millions of people. It is not a real time notification variety but it achieves the same goal.

6. Create urgency with timed social retargeting

It is often seen that if a customer doesn’t like the products or is not willing to purchase anything, they leave the site or else jump to another one. It gets difficult to retain them once they bounce to find better options.

In such scenarios, social retargeting helps promote products wisely. Spending on customers who are less likely to buy is like wasting resources. Thus, companies must select their target after thorough analysis.

Screenshot of a ecommerce website

e-bag is a perfect example of social retargeting. It uses this concept to offer ideas for the backpacks through retargeted ads to all those who have seen or viewed the products before.

7. Help them with style guides or assistants

In addition to UGC, almost every shopper needs a personal assistant to take them to the best match for their taste. But it would probably break the bank. Moreover, it’s not possible with an e-commerce site.

But onsite assistance with quizzes and style guides can do the needful. It would help them to make better buying decisions. This is what e-commerce stores are doing.

E-commerce stores are creating a personalised wardrobe for every user who answers questions related to taste, choice, style and budget. The best thing about it is that it regularly updates the user’s wardrobe with new products and informs them about it through mails.

Screenshot of SheIn ecommerce website

Shein went a step ahead in personalized recommendations. This step does more than offering a size chart. It helps users discover new products and styles. They even feature live shows where stylists come and talk about the attire they are wearing. It helps users to get to know about the product which they are thinking of buying.

Wrap up

Aligning all the above mentioned strategies on your ecommerce store can help you to:-

  • Reduce friction
  • Increase engagement
  • Retain customers
  • Boost conversions

After reading something just as this piece might motivate you to redesign your website but adding small but useful elements wherever possible will work just as efficiently as possible. It will help you in enhancing customer shopping experience on a large scale.

If you’re thinking of getting the max out of your product promotions and customer visits and don’t know where to start then get in touch with our e-commerce experts here.

Why should you outsource Digital Production?

When everybody is fighting for online presence and consumer’s limited attention, quality and scale of digital assets becomes time sensitive. You might have in-house digital production to address such needs.

But the question you need to ask yourself is, can they do it well on a large scale and in a time crunch? It’s a job for the specialists!

With the fields and scope of digital media and digital agencies ever increasing, it is highly improbable that an agency has individuals that are skilled in each field – expecting to get a large firm at your disposal!

Apparently, traditional titans in every industry continue to be disrupted by digital-first competitors. What most of the companies do not typically have is the expertise to build software and digital products at the quality and velocity that Silicon Valley-backed digital start-ups do.

Digital product agencies help such existing players “disrupt the disruptors”.

While at it, there are many questions and doubts that arise in the minds of entrepreneurs planning to outsource their product development. If you can also relate to this situation, this write-up covers everything you might want to know about outsourcing digital product development.

The first question that arises- Should I outsource digital product development or not?

Well, the answer lies in what you actually mean by outsourcing. If your definition of outsourcing is to just hire a company, share your idea, and expect them to come up with the final product quickly, we would recommend you to abort the idea of outsourcing at the very moment.

However, if your idea of outsourcing starts with explaining your product idea, doing the initial R&D around it, analyzing your target audience, and then approaching an outsourcing company for the product development work, you might just be on the path to success.

But apart from this, your understanding of the problem can help you decide when and why you need to outsource digital product development.

Common issues businesses often see:

  • Critically, how customers engage is different with digital; it’s unpredictable because customers are closely coupled to the “Digital Product”.
  • It may look like print media – but the development needs are very different, and needs to be approached in a different way.
  • Digital runs on IT but it doesn’t run like many internal business systems.
  • It’s difficult to allocate the in-house time and talent while supporting the agile culture, required to build the calibre of application needed.
  • Internal teams tend to look at their business and users from the sidelines, lacking the connotation of being a true outsider with a different perspective.

How outsourcing digital product development can benefit you?

As software complexity increased, businesses started employing methods to emphasize control of development – expecting predictable outcomes. The process was: Start with a specification so you know what you will get, plan the sequence of development, integrate the components and then test.

Digital product development also involves best practices in design thinking and lean development of projects.

Analytics & Optimization

A digital production agency can help you advertise, commercialize and promote your product. Their work doesn’t end after wrapping up the development, they’ll continue to provide support with SEO and other guidance post launch.

Technology

All sorts of technology manipulations and implementations on the product including the software, mobile and web development, machine learning, computer engineering, etc.

User Research

It’s important to identify the users you’re making the digital products for. User research helps you know the users on a somewhat personal level.Thus, you will have the opportunity to understand your customers beforehand in an individualized way.

Consulting

By examining your business operations, a digital product agency can give you guidance when it’s not enough updating, promoting and building a digital product.

Strategy

They are involved in concept creation, planning, implementation, development, release, update, marketing, and maintenance. In short, an entire practice for the digital product.

Design

A digital product agency can maintain all the experience and visual processes (UI/UX design), apart from, visual design and art direction.

Inside the working of a Digital Product Studio….

Most of the modern digital product studios are helping turn ideas into products. And are using ‘Collaboration’ as a catalyst with the idea that good products and collaboration go hand-in-hand.

To get a real-world outlook and working process of a digital product studio, let’s talk about their USPs that can ultimately ensure scalability for your business.

Internal collaboration

Collaboration has always been an area of prime interest. Whether that is collaboration between agencies and clients, or designers and developers.

On the whole, different teams like developers and designers have their own working space but they also work together closely in project groups. The degree of collaboration between designers and developers is influenced by what kind of project the team is working on.

For projects that only include designing mocks or user research, concept development, the developers are less involved. However, they do advise the design team on the technological scope and intricacies of the project.

Design principles they follow

Their design decisions are coherent because they set up design principles – a set of statements that define what they want the project to be.

Design principles come in handy when working on micro decisions like UI interactions. It helps the team to stay aligned with their goals and on the same page. In order to maintain this vision across the project, decisions are discussed within the context of the principles agreed upon earlier. Other considerations are reliability, maintainability, and very importantly, how future proof would the approach be.

Project workflow: Advantage of modularity

Since digital product studios work with clients on different kinds of projects, having a modular methodology helps tailor the process to the needs of the client.

For each project type, they have some set deliverables and activities, but they mix and match the activities depending on what’s right for the project.

Having different project types is more flexible for their clients – you can work with them when you need them most instead of a “gotta buy the whole package” deal.

Working with clients

When it comes to working with clients, digital product studios adopt a clear and open channel of communication. Clients are invited for in-person meetings when needed and a dedicated online communication channel is setup for them. Having a tight loop for collaboration helps avoid misunderstanding and ambiguity.

They tend to avoid the process where you send off a chunk of design for formal approval and feedback. Most of the time they feel it’s better to bring some sketches and sit down with the client, bringing up questions and showing how you’ve reached conclusions. It’s important to get more valuable input from the client.

They make sure to pass on their knowledge to the clients’ in-house team so that they’re positioned to manage their product after their engagement has ended.

Emphasis on scalability

One of the points that digital product studios emphasized is the scalability that hiring the correct design and development agency can bring to a team. This is what makes them separate from a “app development firm”.

“Let’s assume you wanted to build an in-house tech team. A designer, minimum. You would need 2 developers, at least. An IT engineer, a CTO if you’re not technical, a project manager, etc. And that is a considerable investment for any company because you need all of these things to run a technology arm to your company, if not an entire technology company.”

A digital product studio doesn’t only build one aspect of the tech side or a product. They aim to fill the technical gap that creates an entry barrier for budding startups and established enterprises to scale up their operations.

Choosing the right digital studio is crucial to your bottom line!

Reputable studios seek to establish a strong track record and longstanding relationships with clients.

The wrong one can quickly drain your budget and negatively impact your product development process. So, here are some recommended strategies for finding a digital product agency that can help your business grow.

  • When choosing the right digital agency for your business, full transparency should be the first criterion. Review an agency’s website and, if you don’t see a client list, bios and an address, then this agency is likely not worth your time.
  • Be sure to determine the agency’s experience and credibility. Read through client testimonials on B2B rating and review sites and its website. Ask for client references, including one from an account that did not go so well, to get the idea how they dealt with it.
  • When evaluating a studio, consider not only its portfolio, but the collective experience of its team. Are its team leads accomplished professionals with backgrounds in product development, design, and strategy?
  • Ask to get a comprehensive insight on how they manage their project scope and budget with timelines, as speed-to-market should be a priority for any product studio looking to create a competitive advantage for their clients.

Although, a digital product agency’s job doesn’t end with a great product launch, but how to drive users to the product, and how to ensure there is data available to continuously innovate. Once your product strategy framework and user experience research are in place, the next thing they are involved in is to design a process that would ensure that legendary user experience and attractive customer experience are a core part of your product delivery.

Whether this is your first rodeo or you are expanding your product offering, expert digital product designers can steer you in the right direction as it’s always important to get the right guidance on a certain aspect of design. Having a team of diverse, professional experts with both theoretical and practical knowledge has been critical to the success of a product.

Moreover, you could be overlooking something that someone else would catch. They say that a writer can’t edit his own work because he’s too invested in it. You can apply that principle to product design too.

If you treat the development process as an investment, and expect the best quality and team collaboration from your next digital product studio, contact us.

Galaxy recognized as a top B2B service provider by Clutch

Here at Galaxy Weblinks, we know it’s difficult to promote and sustain your brand-new company’s success while also creating new and innovative solutions for your clients. That’s why we’ve been specializing in building high quality web and mobile apps since 1998. Our first and most important job is to help our clients understand and actualize technology and harness its power to support solutions that fit their needs.

We have over 1000 projects delivered and have over 200 happy clients around the globe. We provide technical expertise 24/7. We specialize in creating mobile apps, open source development, web development and design, as well as network support and maintenance. We stick to your budget to help your company strive against its competition.

In recognition of our efforts, we’ve been named a top B2B service provider in India, according to Clutch! Clutch is a market research firm that leverages a unique ratings methodology to compare and contrast global leaders in industries across the world.

We recently received a five-star review on our profile from Fast & Light LLC, a digital marketing agency. They needed us to build an e-commerce website, which we completed on time and within budget. Our efforts freed their internal team to attend to other company matters. They especially loved our efficient workflow and proactive team dynamic. Please take a look at their recent review below:

We love receiving feedback in all forms from our clients. It helps us strengthen our processes and improve our services. We especially love when clients leave us client interviews on our Clutch profile. They take the time to engage with business analysts to gauge our impact and rate us according to our cost-effectiveness, attention to project timelines and overall quality of service. In reflection of our efforts, we’ve garnered an impressive 4.8 out of 5-stars.

In addition to Clutch, we’ve also received acclaim from The Manifest and Visual Objects, two of Clutch’s sister sites. The Manifest, a platform that highlights projects and business data, lists us as a top web development agency. Visual Objects, a source of online research for visual portfolios, names us in their directory on top web development agencies.

Drop us a line if you’d like to start a project with Galaxy Weblinks today.

Using quantitative research methods to improve UX

There are times when the solution to a design problem may “instinctively” pop into your head. Yet, in some scenarios, your instinct might be a valid method in solving design problems.

But, one subjective decision on whether the CTA must be bigger or not, can cost you drop in conversion on the line and ultimately, millions.

Moreover, it’s pretty hard to convince people or your stakeholders when your designs are solely based on intuition. Because they always go in trusting your work with the blindfold half-on and are prepared to point to quantitative data backing-up your hypothesis.

Quantitative user research gives you numbers that you can rely on. Take an example of an online supermarket platform where a lot of decisions are taken w.r.t. the color scheme, UI elements, categorization of products, place of variants option, etc. Quantitative research helps you measure the success and failure of such design aesthetics; you just have to do the leg work.

Take a look at some of the quantitative user research methods and how they can be implemented in your research process.

A/B and Multivariate testing

Doors

There is always some disagreement among the designers over the placement of small UI elements. Let your user’s choice be the deciding factor here. Build different variations or versions of your web components or page and present the same to your users. This method will assist you in determining which CTA button is being preferred by your users, or which typography is more appealing to them, and alike.

Their engagement with each experience can be measured and collected in an analytics dashboard and analyzed through a statistical engine with the prior versions. Through comparative testing you can learn which version attracts more clicks or to demonstrate the positive/negative impact of new features or changes to a user experience.

A word of caution: there should only be one difference in all the variants. It will be easy to draw consensus this way and give you definite reasons for selecting one design over the other.

Card sorting

stciky notes with sharpies

Card sorting is used for structuring your information architecture. It is a cost-effective method as you can provide users with labelled index cards or online card-sorting platforms when conducting remotely. Let them arrange it according to their understanding of topic and ask for debrief later on. Such sessions help participants to do the labelling and categorization as they like.

In an e-commerce website, you can see if under “Packed food items” users are searching for both instant and frozen food items or expecting them in separate categories. Even when you ask them to come up with their own categorization, you can always know how your users group information – are they thinking of nomenclature like “Gourmet Cravings” or looking for simple names like “Food and Beverages”.

Once you have all the data, look for common items, category names or themes, and for groups that were frequently paired together. It helps you organize content so that it suits your users’ mental models, rather than the point of view of your company.

Tree tests

two people looking at a giant mind map

It is a task based analysis wherein you ask users to look for individual elements from the navigation structure that you have built. Tree tests help in improving your navigation by observing how real users navigate your site rather than just going on assumption.

Continuing the e-commerce example, let’s assume you ask the participants to locate “instant noodles”. Your users may go in searching for it under “packed food” category instead of scrolling down to find the “instant food” category. This is how it is often conducted to design page layouts and navigation menus.

It’s the reverse of card sorting. Instead of creating own categories, tree testing asks users to work with an existing set of categories, and highlight where they believe an item is most likely to be located.

Google analytics

Post release, you can use Google Analytics (GA) to see the type of daily users visiting your website. You can compare it with the persona(s) that you have built. You can see where your users are dropping off and what activities they are performing. You can leverage insights on user trends, page with the highest interaction, and how are they navigating.

For instance, in the e-commerce venture, analytics will help you understand your user demographics, type of device they are using, product preferences, how far are they scrolling, et al.

GA makes data visualization easier. There are multiple options to represent your data like line graphs, pie charts and bar graphs, thus making it easy to explain it to all the stakeholders involved. Thus, with the information in capable hands, GA can do wonders for your business.

Back To You..

To achieve your ultimate goal of intuitive and easy-to-use interface, backing your design decisions with data from quantitative research will help you build experiences that are fit and relevant for your target audience in the long run.

Hence, instead of depending solely on subjectivity or qualitative research, design must be validated with quantitative research, and proven design practices, as design exists to solve real problems, which inherently makes it objective.

Your product’s success ultimately boils down to how well you have done the user research. As a UX studio our team is equipped to tackle any UX challenge thrown their way. For any assistance related to user research and analysis, feel free to talk to us.

Your cheat sheet to delivering a robust and crash-free app

You’re working happily on your app and all is well, then suddenly – POOF! – it crashes. Aaargh!!

Apparently ‘Crashes decrease with new session the very next day by almost 8x’ (Cue sad violin).

It happens to the best of us.

Stability issues can derail the success of even the best apps. Buggy apps can drive your users away, uninstallations aside, they have the potential to wreck your reputation when users leave one too many distasteful reviews.

Something to bear in mind is that it’s not only about crashes. Users face errors that are not necessarily a crash, so tracking user-facing errors such as error messages and API response times is also important. There are several types of crashes an app can experience- either it can be ANR errors or crashes related to API integrations.

Bug fixing doesn’t need to be hard. You’re likely to worsen the situation if you freak out and start changing things at random, hoping the bug will magically go away.

Instead, you need to take a methodical approach and learn how to reason your way through a crash and maintain app stability.

You can’t fix what you can’t find

a man looking for something

The first order of business is to find out where exactly in your code the crash occurred: in which file and on which line.

You do have control over some of the errors and can find them. You can let the user know of the problem via building a communication channel when a user loses their WiFi connection while file transfer is in the process.

When errors are from unexpected app behaviour, your mobile app testing kit will need app monitoring and tracking tools to detect the behaviour that leads to app crashes. There are tools that are not only for mobile apps but also for OTT and Unity as well. In addition, no matter what tool you use, it’s normally an SDK that reports you about the crash alerts.

Even if you are able to collect all this data, it’s difficult to figure out which crashes to troubleshoot and fix first. And this issue follows our next approach to a stable app.

Follow Eisenhower’s Urgent/Important Principle

It’s important to prioritize and sift the problems most users are facing first.

As it’s common that teams tend to tackle bugs on a first come first served basis. Especially if the report comes from a loud voice or a key stakeholder.

This principle comes handy in such a situation which is more like a Rule of Thumb. This principle can tell you to quickly identify the activities that have an outcome that leads to us achieving our goals (Important), and activities that demands immediate attention (Urgent) that you should focus on, and the ones you should ignore.

Basically there are a couple of crashes or bugs that might be causing complaints, solve those first and iterate your priorities accordingly – you will see your crash rate and complaints decrease dramatically.

Practice better Exception Handling

An exception happens when something goes wrong. Tried to open a file but it doesn’t exist? You’ve got an exception. Attempted to call a method on an object but the variable was null? Boom! Exception.

And here comes Exception handling which is an error-handling mechanism. When something goes wrong, an exception is thrown. The exception causes your application to crash, if you do nothing.

For example: Developers often find themselves in a situation like- Is there a way to avoid an EXC_BAD_ACCESS from crashing an app, and handle an exception gracefully?

To handle the exception that was thrown, you need to catch it. You can do this by using an exception-handling block i.e. by using ‘try block and catch block’.

Proper Memory Management

GIF of chrome as pacman

One of the biggest causes behind app crashes is the lack of memory because not all users possess powerful smartphones and high-end tablets. Whereas, people write code as though only their apps exist.

Taking the similar example from above: You can also get EXC_BAD_ACCESS (while attempting to access nonexistent memory) because of the usable memory already being assigned to other processes. The unavailability of enough memory will prompt your app to shut down.

How to go on about this?

  • Do your best to avoid using too much memory and use caching whenever possible.
  • Find where your app holds the biggest data structures or uses the most amount of data and see if everything is absolutely necessary.
  • You can profile your app to see if there is any memory leak.
  • If there is no way to save memory, then prioritize what data/ features to dispense and keep, to save memory when it is already low.

These kinds of crashes become very rare with just a little defense and care in programming, and using “treat warnings as errors”.

While improving app usability, knowing how to deal with dysfunctional apps can be of great help. If you want assistance in development and testing of mobile applications, you can chat with us here.